An Analysis of The Impact of Online Games on Social Development Among Students at SD IT Al - Husnayain: an Erikson Perspective
Main Article Content
Fadlan Masykura Setiadi
Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
This study aimed to empirically examine the impact of online game usage on the social development of fourth-grade students at SD IT Al-Husnayain, Mandailing Natal, using Erikson’s psychosocial development theory as an analytical framework. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents, and supporting documentation. The research subjects included fourth-grade students, classroom teachers, and parents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed through thematic stages consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicated that the majority of students engage in online gaming with high intensity, spending more than two hours per day on gaming activities. This condition has contributed to shifts in children’s social behavior, as reflected in increased verbal conflicts, the use of aggressive language, emotional outbursts, and a decline in the quality of social interactions within both school and family environments. From Erikson’s perspective, uncontrolled online game usage may hinder the successful resolution of the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority, as children tend to derive their sense of achievement and competence more from virtual experiences than from real-life social interactions. However, the study also revealed that when online games are used in a structured, limited manner and under the supervision of teachers and parents, they can serve as a positive learning medium that enhances students’ motivation and engagement.
Alfarizky, M. T. (2024). Hubungan antara Kecanduan Game Online dengan Perilaku Agresif Verbal pada Remaja di Kelurahan Tembung Kota Medan. Universitas Medan Area.
Amri, E. (2025). Implementasi Pembelajaran Sosial Emosional Berdasarkan Kerangka CASEL di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Tuntas, 3(2), 55 – 60. https://publikasi.abidan.org/index.php/jpt/article/view/1251
Apriliyani, A. (2020). Hubungan intensitas bermain permainan online dengan kecerdasan emosional. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 8(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v8i1.4856
Aspandi, A., Syarifudin, A., & Muttaqin, M. A. (2025). The Impact of Online Game Addiction on Children’s Social Interaction and Academic Performance. Journal of General Education and Humanities, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v5i1.617
Azima, N., Fitri, R., & Wahyuni, Y. S. (2025). Dampak Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Perilaku Sosial Anak di Kelas VI SDN 70 Pekanbaru. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah Multidisipliner, 2(02). https://ojs.ruangpublikasi.com/index.php/jpim/article/view/802
Bachiochi, P. D., & Weiner, S. P. (2004). Qualitative data collection and analysis. Handbook of Research Methods in Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 161–183.
Bhagat, S., Jeong, E. J., & Kim, D. J. (2020). The Role of Individuals’ Need for Online Social Interactions and Interpersonal Incompetence in Digital Game Addiction. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36(5), 449–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1654696
Budiansyah, B., Susanto, I. A., & Aidillah, E. (2025). Navigating Social Skills in Elementary School: Children’s Peer Interactions in the Digital Age. Al-Adzka: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 15(2), 184–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18592/aladzkapgmi.v15i2.18287
Câmpean, A., Bocos, M., Alina, R., Rad, D., Crişan, C., Maier, M., Tăușan-Crișan, L., Triff, Z., Triff, D.-G., Mara, D., Mara, E., Răduț-Taciu, R., Todor, I., Baciu, C., Neacșu, M.-G., Dumitru, I., Colareza, C., & Claudia, R. (2024). Examining Teachers’ Perception on the Impact of Positive Feedback on School Students. Education Sciences, 14(3), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030257
Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Herrero-Roldán, S., Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Martínez-Guardado, I., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2024). Digital Device Usage and Childhood Cognitive Development: Exploring Effects on Cognitive Abilities. Children, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111299
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2017). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (Fifth Edit). SAGE Publications Inc.
Dwibowo, S., Satyaka, A., & Sulistyaningsih, W. (2024). Intensitas Bermain Game Online dan Empati pada Remaja. As-Syar i Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga, 6(3), 1218–1236. https://doi.org/10.47467/as.v6i3.6009
Erikson, E. (1959). Theory of identity development. E. Erikson, Identity and the Life Cycle. Nueva York: International Universities Press. Obtenido de Http://Childdevpsychology. Yolasite. Com/Resources/Theory% 20of% 20ident Ity% 20erikson. Pdf.
Fauziddin, M., & Adha, T. R. (2024). Analisis Dampak Penggunaan Handphone terhadap Interaksi Sosial Siswa di UPT Sekolah Dasar Negeri 007 Bangkinang. In Global: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (Vol. 1, Issue 4, pp. 171–178). https://doi.org/10.37985/global.v1i4.45
Fitrianugroho, D., Sopianti, J., Razanah, M., Fauziah, N., & Sudrajat, R. (2023). Krisis Perkembangan Bahasa sebab Hadirnya Game Online. Jurnal Sosial Dan Sains, 3(6), 638–643. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v3i6.834
Gill, E. (2025). The Role of Digital Play in the Development of Children’s Moral Self-Concept. Queensland University of Technology.
Handila, V. (2021). Dampak Game Online Handphone Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Desa Padang Lebar Kecamatan Pino Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. IAIN Bengkulu.
Hanurawan, F., Suciptaningsih, O. A., & Itsnain, N. I. I. (2024). Psychological Characteristics Of Personality In Elementary School-Aged Children In Indonesia: Review And Implications. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(04), 729–744. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v13i04.6636
Hasriani, H., Hamim, U., & Mahmud, R. (2025). Strengthening Scouting Character Values through a Moral Integrated Approach for Elementary School Students. Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies, 26(3 SE-Innovation in Education), 10.21070/ijins.v26i3.1463. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijins.v26i3.1463
Izzah, F. U., Sari, T. M., Saputra, I. W., & Afandi, M. (2024). Analisis Dampak Game Online Pada Interaksi Sosial Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Research And Development Student, 2(2), 171–179.
Jones, S. M., Barnes, S. P., Bailey, R., & Doolittle, E. J. (2017). Promoting Social and Emotional Competencies in Elementary School. The Future of Children, 27(1), 49–72. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44219021
Kiniret, R. I. A., & Susilowati, T. (2021). Gambaran Karakteristik Anak yang Mengalami Kecanduan Bermain Game Online. ASJN (Aisyiyah Surakarta Journal of Nursing), 2(2), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.30787/asjn.v2i2.833
Larasati, E. D., Kanzunnudin, M., & Pratiwi, I. A. (2023). Dampak Intensitas Bermain Online Game Terhadap Motivasi Belajar dan Perilaku Sosial Anak. Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.56916/ijess.v2i2.495
Li, Y., Chen, D., & Deng, X. (2024). The impact of digital educational games on student’s motivation for learning: The mediating effect of learning engagement and the moderating effect of the digital environment. PLOS ONE, 19(1), e0294350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294350
McLeod, S. (2018). Jean Piaget’s theory and stages of cognitive development. Simply Psychology.
Mutiara, E., Kabbaro, H., & Hamiyati. (2024). The Influence of Psychosocial Development on The Learning Responsibility of School-Aged Children. JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan), 11(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.111.04
Nurhafani, M., Kurniawati, Y., Pranoto, S., & Nuzulia, S. (2023). The Influence of Children’s Gadget Use Intensity on Their Social Skills. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 17(2), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.172.15
Presta, V., Guarnieri, A., Laurenti, F., Mazzei, S., Arcari, M. L., Mirandola, P., Vitale, M., Chia, M. Y. H., Condello, G., & Gobbi, G. (2024). The Impact of Digital Devices on Children’s Health: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040236
Ramadhoni, R., & Kholidin, F. I. (2025). Analisis Sistematis Dampak Kecanduan Game Online terhadap Kesehatan Mental, Interaksi Sosial, dan Prestasi Akademik. Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, Dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan, 5(5), 2. https://doi.org/10.17977/um065.v5.i5.2025.2
Rifayanti, Z. E. T., Salamah, E. R., Monkonsawasd, P., & Andari, S. (2025). Analysis of Student Interaction and Social Skills in Game Activities in Elementary School in Indonesian Context. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 6(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v6i1.731
Romadany, R., & Dananier, N. (2024). Interaksi Game Online dan Minat Belajar: Study Kasus Pada Siswa Kelas V A SDN 04 Marga Jaya: Pendidikan. Jurnal Riset Dan Inovasi Pembelajaran, 4(2), 1190–1203. https://doi.org/10.51574/jrip.v4i2.1741
Rustina, R., Suparjan, E., & Saputra, A. (2025). The Impact of Online Gaming on Social Skills among Fourth-Grade Students in a Semi-Urban Indonesian School. Sinthop: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 4(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.69548/sinthop.v4.i1.22.27-34
Setiadi, F. M., & Khairunnisa, K. (2025). The Utilization of Gadgets in Arabic Language Learning for Early Childhood through a Fun-Based Learning Approach. Seulanga : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 6(2), 100–117. https://doi.org/10.47766/seulanga.v6i2.6653
Setiadi, F. M., Maryati, S., & Mubharokkh, A. S. (2024). Analisis Dampak Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Perkembangan Psikologis dan Keagamaan Anak Usia Dini (TK dan SD) dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam. Muaddib: Islamic Education Journal, 7(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/muaddib.v7i1.24432
Thompson, R. A., Flood, M. F., & Goodvin, R. (2015). Social support and developmental psychopathology. Developmental Psychopathology: Volume Three: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation, 1–37.
Walker, G., & Venker Weidenbenner, J. (2019). Social and Emotional Learning in the age of virtual play: technology, empathy, and learning. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 12(2), 116–132.
Yifei, P., & Motevalli, S. (2023). Exploring the Correlations Between Game Addiction, Aggression, Narcissism, and Self-Control among Adolescents: A Comprehensive Literature Review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(3), 500–519. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i3/17869
Yuliani, E., Sundari, R., & Kurniawan, W. (2025). Hubungan Intensitas Bermain Game Online Dengan Kecerdasan Emosional Pada Remaja Di SMP Negeri 1 Padamara. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 11(10), 186–198. https://jurnal.peneliti.net/index.php/JIWP/article/view/11673
