From Eco-Anxiety to Ecological Responsibility: An Eco-Theological Perspective on Pro-Environmental Behaviour in Urban Society

Ilham Muzakkir; M. Aditya Prayoga

doi:10.47766/tharwah.v4i1.6706

Authors

Ilham Muzakkir Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
M. Aditya Prayoga Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47766/tharwah.v4i1.6706

Keywords:

Eco-anxiety, Environmental psychology , Eco-Theological Perspective, Pro-environmental behaviour

Abstract

This study critically examines the relationship between eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviour, with particular attention to the mediating role of the urban context and the contribution of an eco-theological perspective. Previous empirical studies have tended to assume a linear relationship between eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviour, overlooking the possibility that excessive anxiety may trigger apathy or “ecological paralysis” when it is not accompanied by a strong sense of self-efficacy and environmental responsibility. Using a critical literature review approach, this research argues that urban dynamics including structural barriers, social norms, and limited opportunities for environmental engagement, play a significant role in shaping how individuals respond to eco-anxiety. From an eco-theological perspective, environmental concern can be understood not only as a psychological response to ecological crisis but also as an ethical and spiritual responsibility toward creation and the natural environment. Values such as stewardship, care for creation, interconnectedness, and ecological responsibility may help transform eco-anxiety into meaningful pro-environmental action. By integrating psychological, urban, and eco-theological perspectives, this study addresses a theoretical gap in understanding the complex relationship between eco-anxiety and environmental behaviour. The findings also have practical implications for developing environmental policies, education, and psychological interventions that promote both ecological well-being and a deeper sense of moral responsibility toward the environment.

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