Comparison of Supporting Laws for Children Born Out of Wedlock: Study of Aceh MPU Fatwa No. 18/2015 and MUI Fatwa No. 11/2012 from the Maqasid Shari'ah Perspective

Zuniar Zega; Nanda Riswanda Pohan; Shalawati Shalawati; Laila Pitri; Junaidi Junaidi

doi:10.47766/al-hiwalah.v5i1.7654

Authors

Zuniar Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Nanda Riswanda Pohan Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Shalawati Universitas Serambi Mekkah
Laila Pitri Universitas Serambi Mekkah
Junaidi Jannatul Firdaus Islamic College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47766/al-hiwalah.v5i1.7654

Keywords:

Children Born Out of Wedlock, Right to Custody, Islamic Family Law, Fatwa of the MUI and MPU Aceh, Maqasid Syari'ah

Abstract

This study examines the differences in legal reasoning between MPU Aceh Fatwa No. 18 of 2015 and MUI Fatwa No. 11 of 2012 regarding the maintenance rights of children born out of wedlock in Indonesia. The main issue addressed in this research concerns the legal responsibility of biological fathers toward children born from non-marital relationships and the extent to which Islamic law can address contemporary demands for child protection without undermining the principle of lineage (nasab). This research aims to analyze the methodological framework of both fatwas and evaluate their relevance within the framework of Islamic family law and Indonesian positive law in light of Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary legal materials include the two fatwas, legislation, court decisions, classical Islamic jurisprudence, and contemporary scholarly opinions, while secondary materials consist of books, journal articles, and previous studies. The findings reveal that both fatwas agree that children born outside of marriage have lineage relations only with their mothers and maternal families. However, they differ significantly regarding financial responsibility. The MPU Aceh strictly denies the biological father’s obligation to provide child support, whereas the MUI introduces ta’zir and wasiat wajibah as mechanisms to ensure the child’s welfare without recognizing lineage. The study concludes that the MUI’s approach is more contextually appropriate and aligned with the objectives of Islamic law (maqasid al-syari‘ah) and contemporary child protection principles in Indonesia.

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