Research misconduct includes, but is not limited to, fabrication or falsification of data, plagiarism, duplicate publication, authorship manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, unethical research involving human participants, and manipulation of the peer review process.

JETLEE takes all allegations of misconduct seriously, whether raised before or after publication and whether made by readers, reviewers, editors, or whistleblowers. Anyone with a concern should contact the Editor-in-Chief at [email protected], providing enough detail and evidence for the concern to be assessed. Anonymous reports will be considered if they contain specific, verifiable evidence.

The journal handles allegations as follows:
1. The editor acknowledges receipt and conducts an initial confidential assessment.
2. If the concern has merit, the authors are contacted and given an opportunity to respond.
3. Where necessary, the journal refers the case to the authors’ institution for investigation and cooperates with that process.

4. The journal does not itself determine whether an individual has committed misconduct.
5. Depending on the outcome, the journal may dismiss the concern, request clarification or correction, publish an expression of concern, or retract the article.

Throughout the process, JETLEE follows the relevant flowcharts of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), protects the confidentiality of everyone involved, and distinguishes honest error from deliberate misconduct.