ʿAql dalam Pendidikan Islam: Dialog Konseptual antara Hadis dan Neurosains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47766/pase.v5i1.6763Keywords:
ʿAql, Neurosains, Pendidikan IslamAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi fungsi ʿaql berdasarkan hadis Nabi Muhammad saw., memetakan kesepadanan fungsionalnya dengan proses kognitif yang dibahas dalam neurosains, serta menganalisis batas konseptual antara konstruksi normatif Islam dan penjelasan empiris neurosains. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan integrative literature review dengan analisis tekstual-konseptual dan komparatif. Sumber penelitian mencakup hadis, literatur keislaman, serta publikasi ilmiah mengenai neurosains dan fungsi kognitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ʿaql dalam perspektif hadis tidak memadai jika dipahami sebagai kecerdasan atau kemampuan intelektual semata, melainkan mencakup kapasitas memahami, menyadari, mempertimbangkan, mengendalikan, dan mengarahkan tindakan menuju pertanggungjawaban moral. Kelima fungsi tersebut memiliki kesepadanan pada tingkat fungsi dengan Working memory, metacognition, cognitive control, inhibitory control, dan self-regulation. Namun, kesepadanan tersebut tidak menunjukkan identitas konseptual maupun neural. Neurosains memberikan penjelasan empiris mengenai proses kognitif yang mendukung berbagai kapasitas tersebut, sedangkan hadis memberikan kerangka normatif mengenai pengetahuan, nilai, dan pertanggungjawaban. Penelitian ini karena itu menawarkan konstruksi ʿaql sebagai konstruk kognitif-normatif yang dapat didialogkan dengan neurosains tanpa mereduksi makna keislamannya menjadi mekanisme neural.
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